'Fat' gene found by scientists

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'Fat' gene found by scientists
科学家发现肥胖相关基因
A gene that contributes to obesity has been identified for the first time, promising to explain why some people easily put on weight while others with similar lifestyles stay slim.
导致肥胖的一个基因第一次被发现,这将会解释为什么有些人非常容易肥胖而一些与他习惯相似的人却能保持苗条。
People who inherit one version of the gene rather than another are 70 per cent more likely to be obese, British scientists have discovered. One in six people has the most vulnerable genetic make-up and weighs an average 3kg more than those with the lowest risk. They also have 15 per cent more body fat.
英国科学家发现，继承这种基因一种变种的人将比另一种变种的人肥胖的可能性高70%.1/6的人有这种最脆弱的基因修饰，而且比最低风险的人群平均重3千克，身体脂肪含量也会高15%。
The findings provide the first robust link between a common gene and obesity, and could eventually lead to new ways of tackling one of the most significant causes of ill health in the developed world. One in four British adults is classified as obese, and half of men and a third of women are overweight.
这个发现提供个一个普通基因与肥胖的紧密联系，能最终找到对付发达国家最大的疾病因素的新的处理途径。1/4的英国成年人被分类为肥胖，一半的男人和1/3的女人超重。
Obesity is a main cause of heart disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. An adviser to the Government’s health spending watchdog said recently that the condition was a bigger national danger than smoking, alcohol or poverty.
肥胖是心脏病、肿瘤和2型糖尿病的主要原因之一。一位政府健康投入管理机构的顾问最近指出： 这种情形是比吸烟、酒精和贫穷更大的国家公敌。
Related Links 相关链接
Comment: 'It's not just genes if your are overweight'
超重并不仅仅是基因问题
Diabetics cured by stem-cell treatment
干细胞治疗糖尿病
15st boy is taken from grandparents
（不知道什么意思～）
If the biological function of the gene, known as FTO, can now be understood, it could become possible to design drugs that manipulate it to help people to control their weight. “Even though we have yet to fully understand the role played by the FTO gene in obesity, our findings are a source of great excitement,” Mark McCarthy, of the University of Oxford, who led the research, said.
如果这个基因—FTO--的生物学功能可以被揭示，将可以设计药物用于帮助人们控制体重。牛津大学领导这项研究的Mark McCarthy说：“即便我们还需要去完全理解FTO基因在肥胖中扮演的角色，但这个发现还是令人兴奋的。”
“By identifying this genetic link it should be possible to improve our understanding of why some people are more obese, with all the associated implications such as increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore novel ways of treating this condition.”
“通过确定这种基因联系，我们将能提高我们对于为什么有些人容易肥胖的认识，并了解其他一些相关疾病，例如糖尿病和心脏病。新的知识将为我们探索应对这种情形的新方法铺平道路。”
While it has long been understood from family studies that obesity is heavily influenced by genetics, scientists have struggled to pin down individual genes that are involved.
家系研究很早就发现肥胖受遗传影响很大，科学家们一直在努力确定相关的某个基因。
A handful of serious genetic mutations that cause rare obesity disorders such as Prader-Willi Syndrome have been found, but the search for common genes that affect an ordinary person’s risk of becoming obese or overweight has remained elusive.
许多严重的遗传突变导致稀有的肥胖疾病比如Prader-Willi综合症相继被发现，但是关于普通基因影响常人的肥胖或者超重风险的研究却是空白。

The effect of FTO emerged from a key study of the genetic origins of disease funded by the Wellcome Trust known as the Case Control Consortium, in which 2,000 people with type 2 diabetes had their genomes compared to 3,000 healthy controls.
FTO的作用源自一项由Wellcome Trust---病例对照协会出资的研究。这一研究对比2000名2型糖尿病患者和3000名健康人的基因。

Scientists from Oxford and the University of Exeter first found that certain versions of the FTO gene were more common among people with type 2 diabetes, but that the effect disappeared when the data were adjusted for obesity. This led them to wonder whether FTO really influenced obesity instead, and they followed up their theory in a further 37,000 people.
牛津大学和埃克塞特大学研究人员从中发现2型糖尿病患者体内通常含有FTO基因的某一变种。不过这一现象在针对肥胖问题时并不明显，随后研究者进一步对另外37000人进行了研究。
FTO comes in two varieties, and everyone inherits two copies of the gene. The team found that those who inherit two copies of one variant — 16 per cent of white Europeans — were 70 per cent more likely to be obese than those who inherited two copies of the other variant. The 50 per cent of subjects who inherited one copy of each FTO variant had a 30 per cent higher risk of obesity.
FTO有两种变种，每个人都有一对这种基因。研究小组发现当某人遗传的两个副本都是一个变种(16%的欧洲白人)时，肥胖概率将比遗传两个不同变种的人高70%。50%的获得各一种变异的人将比普通人肥胖的几率高30%.
Those in the highest risk group weighed an average of 3kg (7lb) more and those at medium risk were an average of 1.2kg heavier. In each case the extra weight was entirely accounted for by more body fat, not greater muscle or extra height. The results, published in the journal Science, apply to men and women, and to children as young as 7.
高危组人群比正常人群重3kg，中危组重1.2千克。每个病例中多余的体重都由于多余的脂肪，而不是更强的肌肉或者更高的身高。科学杂志上公布的这项结果适用于成人和7岁以上的儿童。
FTO will not be the only gene that influences obesity, and inheriting a particular variant will not necessarily make anyone fat. “This is not a gene for obesity, it is a gene that contributes to risk,” Professor McCarthy said.
FTO并不是影响肥胖的唯一基因，而且遗传一个特定的变种不一定会使任何人肥胖。“这不是导致肥胖的基因，它只是与这种风险有关。”McCarthy教授认为。
The research involved too many people to control for exercise and diet, so it is not yet known whether FTO affects how much people eat or how active they are. But it may explain how people with apparently similar lifestyles differ in propensity to put on weight.
这项研究包括了太多的控制锻炼和饮食的人群，所以还不能知道FTO是否会影响人们的吃喝或者活动性。但是它可能解释相同生活方式的人们却有不同的增加体重的倾向。

Independent experts called the discovery highly significant. Susan Jebb, of the MRC Human Nutrition Unit, said: “This research provides clear evidence of a biological mechanism which makes some people more susceptible to gaining weight in a world where food is plentiful and sedentary lifestyles the norm.”
独立专家高度评价这项研究。MRC（医学研究理事会）人类营养学组的Susan Jebb说：“这项研究一些人更容易体重升高的生物学机制的证据，尤其是在这个食物重组和习惯久坐生活方式的世界”
Genetic trigger 遗传触发（？）

— The FTO gene comes in two varieties. 16% of people have two copies of the high-risk variant, 50% have one high-risk and one low-risk, and 34% of people have two low-risk variants
FTO基因有两种变异，16%的人有两个高危变异。50%的人有高危和低危各一种，34%的有两个低危变种。
— Those with two high-risk copies have a 70% greater risk of obesity than those with two low-risk copies. They weigh an average of 3kg more .
两个高危变种的人的肥胖几率将比两个第位变种的人群高70%，体重平均高3千克。
— Those with one high-risk copy have a 30% greater risk of obesity. They weigh an average of 1.2kg more
只有一个高危变种的人群有高于普通人群30%的可能会肥胖，体重平均重1.2千克。