20-min oral test to detect hiv

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20-min oral test to detect hiv
20分钟口腔测试可检查HIV
Kounteya Sinha
作者：Kounteya Sinha

NEW DELHI: A simple 20-minute gum swab test could soon tell you whether you are HIV positive or not.
新德里：一个简单的20分钟牙龈擦拭实验能迅速告诉你是否是HIV阳性患者。

In a breakthrough that could do away with the conventional HIV anti-body test, through blood taken from the finger or the arm, scientists from McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Canada, and Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS) in Sevagram have successfully tested an oral fluid-based HIV test that has proved 100% accurate.
来自加拿大MUHC（蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学健康中心）和塞瓦格兰姆MGIMS（甘地医学科学研究院）的科学家已经成功地试验出一项基于口腔粘膜分泌液的HIV测试方法，事实证明100%准确，该方法是一个突破，可能废除传统通过从手指或手臂取血的HIV抗体测试方式。

Lead scientist Dr Nitika Pai from MUHC tested 450 individuals for HIV infection at MGIMS and found 32% of them to be HIV positive.
来自MUHC的领头科学家Nitika Pai博士在MGIMS以HIV感染为目的检查了450名个体，发现他们中的32%呈HIV阳性。

The team then compared the diagnostic accuracy of the OraQuick test from two samples one obtained from oral fluid (gums) and the other from a blood-based finger stick with traditional blood tests. Only one false positive case was recorded with the oral gum swab test, proving 99.7% specificity.
该团队接着比较了两个样品通过Oraquick（快速口腔艾滋病检测仪）测试的诊断准确度，这两个样品分别通过口腔分泌液和刺破手指取血的传统方法获得。通过口腔分泌液检验只有一例假阳性，证明准确度99.7%。

While 66% of the subjects reported discomfort with the finger testing method, no similar discomfort was recorded during sample collection for the oral test.
有66%的受试者反映通过手指测试方法的不便之处，而通过口腔测试收集样品的过程中没有类似的不便之处被记录。

Dr Rajnish Joshi from MGIMS, who conducted the tests with Dr Pai, told TOI that extracting blood from random subjects in field settings poses a severe logistical problem because it needs injecting syringes to draw blood and trained personnel to carry out the procedure for risk of needle stick injury.
来自MGIMS，同Pai博士一起管理该试验的Rajnish博士告诉TOI：从随机的受试者吸取血液，这个领域存在严重的后勤问题，因为它需要用注射针管去吸取血液，并且需要训练个人去执行这种有针头刺伤危险的步骤。

\"Now, all that one has to do is rub the stick against the gum twice, once against the upper jaw and then on the lower jaw, from one end to another, to collect oral mucosal transudate fluid, normally secreted in the oral cavity.
现在，这一切只要用一个棒摩擦牙龈两次，第一次贴着上颚，接着贴着下颚，从一边到另一边去收集口腔粘膜渗出液，通常在口腔秘密的分泌。

The applicator on the stick, a strip of synthetic proteins, then detects HIV antibodies in blood in 20 minutes or less. Standard HIV tests with the help of blood make patients wait up to two weeks for results.
棒上的涂药器是一条状的人工合成的蛋白质，接着在血液中发现HIV抗体大约需要20分钟。而通过取血的标准的HIV检测，病人需要等待两周才有结果。

According to the CDC Atlanta, 33% of testees never pick up their results. It also costs about Rs 200 and can be administered practically in any setting a clinic, a bar or even a street corner,\" Dr Joshi said.
“根据（美国）亚特兰大疾病防治中心的报告，33%的受试者从来没有取回他们的检测结果。这同样花费了大约200个无线电广播，才能在几乎所有的诊所，酒吧甚至街头进行管理。“Joshi博士说。

. OraQuick test has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. But some studies had indicated that it was not sufficiently precise. As a result, CDC Atlanta had called for more definitive studies leading to this study in rural India.
OraQuick试验已被美国食品和药物管理局核准。但是一些研究表明它不是足够的准确。结果亚特兰大疾病防治中心要求进行更为确定的研究导致这项研究应用在印度农村。

\"Based on our findings, the oral test is the preferred choice for HIV field testing by rural Indians,\" said Dr Pai, a physician epidemiologist supported by the Canadian HIV Trials Network.
“根据我们的调查结果，在印度农村HIV流行地区进行检查，口腔测试方法是优先选择。“Pai博士（一个得到了加拿大HIV试验网支持的流行病学家内科医生）说。

\"The advantages are that results are available within minutes and can also be performed by health workers with minimal training, eliminating the need for specialist laboratory technicians,\" she added.
“好处在于结果可以很快出来，并且由受很少训练的保健员来做，不必需要专门的实验技师。”她补充说。

\"Rapid point-of-care HIV testing, which are non-invasive, simple, accurate and oral fluid-based, have the potential to make a big impact on HIV screening. They open the door to the possibility of home-based HIV testing,\" she said.
“快速的HIV床旁分析测试具非侵袭性、简便、准确、以口腔液体为基础的特点。有对HIV筛选产生大影响的潜力。 他们打开了可能以家庭为基础测试HIV的大门。”她说。

编译：

20分钟口腔测试可检查HIV
作者：Kounteya Sinha
新德里：一个简单的20分钟牙龈擦拭实验能迅速告诉你是否是HIV阳性患者。
来自加拿大MUHC（蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学健康中心）和塞瓦格兰姆MGIMS（甘地医学科学研究院）的科学家已经成功地试验出一项基于口腔粘膜分泌液的HIV测试方法，事实证明100%准确，该方法是一个突破，可能废除传统通过从手指或手臂取血的HIV抗体测试方式。
来自MUHC的领头科学家Nitika Pai博士在MGIMS以HIV感染为目的检查了450名个体，发现他们中的32%呈HIV阳性。该团队接着比较了两个样品通过Oraquick（快速口腔艾滋病检测仪）测试的诊断准确度，这两个样品分别通过口腔分泌液和刺破手指取血的传统方法获得。通过口腔分泌液检验只有一例呈假阳性，证明准确度99.7%。有66%的受试者反映通过手指测试方法有不便之处，而通过口腔测试收集样品的过程中没有类似的不便之处被记录。
来自MGIMS，同Pai博士一起管理该试验的Rajnish博士告诉TOI：从随机的受试者吸取血液，这个领域存在严重的后勤问题，因为它需要用注射针管去吸取血液，并且需要训练个人去执行这种有针头刺伤危险的步骤。现在，这一切只要用一个棒摩擦牙龈两次，第一次贴着上颚，接着贴着下颚，从一边到另一边去收集口腔粘膜渗出液，通常在口腔秘密的分泌。棒上的涂药器是一条状的人工合成的蛋白质，接着在血液中发现HIV抗体大约需要20分钟。通过取血的标准的HIV检测，病人需要等待两周才有结果。
“根据（美国）亚特兰大疾病防治中心的报告，33%的受试者从来没有取回他们的检测结果。这同样花费了大约200个无线电广播，才能在几乎所有的诊所，酒吧甚至街头进行管理。“Joshi博士说。OraQuick试验已被美国食品和药物管理局核准。但是一些研究表明它不是足够的准确。结果亚特兰大疾病防治中心要求进行更为确定的研究导致这项研究仅应用在印度农村。
“根据我们的调查结果，在印度农村HIV流行地区进行检查，口腔测试方法是优先选择。“Pai博士（一个得到了加拿大HIV试验网支持的流行病学家内科医生）说。“好处在于结果可以很快出来，并且由受很少训练的保健员来做，不必需要专门的实验技师。”她补充说。 “快速的HIV床旁分析测试具非侵袭性、简便、准确、以口腔液体为基础的特点。有对HIV筛选产生大影响的潜力。 他们打开了可能以家庭为基础测试HIV的大门。”她说。